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| 1935 |
| | | Italian baritone Tito Gobbi makes his operatic debut in Gubbio in Bellini's La Somnambula | |
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| 1935 |
| | | Mussolini uses a disagreement over grazing rights as a pretext for an empire-building invasion of Ethiopia | |
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| 1936 |
| | | Mussolini appoints his son-in-law, Count Galeazzo Ciano, as his minister for foreign affairs | |
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| 1936 |
| | | Hitler and Mussolini form an axis, or alliance, causing Germany and Italy to become known as the Axis powers | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Pope Pius XI issues an encyclical, Mit Brennender Sorge, condemning the Nazi ideology of racism | |
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| 1937 |
| | | Adolf Hitler, entertaining Mussolini in Germany, puts on spectacular demonstrations of German military and industrial might | |
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| 1939 |
| | | Eugenio Pacelli is elected pope and takes the name Pius XII | |
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| 1939 |
| | | In spite of the Axis agreement of 1936, Mussolini declines to bring Italy into the war on Hitler's side | |
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| 1940 June 10 |
| | | Mussolini declares war on a France already on the verge of defeat | |
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| 1919 June 20 |
| | | Mussolini invades France in the last-minute hope of gaining some territory in the armistice settlement | |
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